What device can prevent rapid pressure changes in a hydraulic system?

An accumulator is a device specifically designed to store hydraulic energy and maintain pressure in a hydraulic system. It acts as a reservoir that can absorb excess hydraulic fluid and release it when needed, thus preventing rapid pressure changes. This is particularly important during sudden demands on the hydraulic system, such as when large loads are applied or released. By providing a cushion of fluid, the accumulator allows for smoother operation and helps maintain stable pressure levels, mitigating the risk of pressure spikes or drops that could adversely affect system performance and safety.

In contrast, the other devices listed serve different functions within a hydraulic system. A hydraulic pump is responsible for generating flow and pressure but does not manage pressure fluctuations. A pressure gauge measures system pressure but does not influence it. A filter removes contaminants from the hydraulic fluid to ensure system cleanliness but does not impact pressure stability.